Since gaining independence in 1993, Eritrea has never conducted national elections.
The country operates as a one-party state under the People’s Front for Democracy and Justice (PFDJ), which remains the only legally recognized political party.
President Isaias Afwerki has ruled the nation for more than three decades, maintaining tight control over political and civic life.
According to international reports, Eritrea is consistently ranked as one of the least democratic countries in Africa and the world, with severe restrictions on freedom of expression, assembly, and political participation.
Many observers continue to call for democratic reforms and the introduction of free and fair elections to allow citizens a voice in shaping the country’s future.
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